Antibiotic Resistance and Environmental Contamination in Healthcare Facilities: A Case Study of the Regional Hospital Center of Banfora

Résumé

Objective: Hospital surfaces are a reservoir for multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDROs), facilitating their transmission between patients and healthcare workers. The objective of this study was to assess bacterial contamination of frequently touched surfaces and the antibiotic resistance profile of bacteria at the Banfora Regional Hospital Center in Burkina Faso. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Banfora Regional Hospital Center. Seventy-seven (77) surfaces were sampled in four clinical and administrative departments after routine cleaning procedures. Bacterial identification was performed using the API 20E gallery. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by the disc diffusion method, in accordance with the 2015 CA-SFM recommendations. Results: A total of 94 bacterial strains were isolated, dominated by Bacillus spp. (60.64%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (6.38%). Door handles were the most contaminated surfaces. The isolated bacteria showed very high resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria was 100% and 47.6%, respectively. Conclusion: This study conducted at the Centre Hospitalier Régional de Banfora reveals significant bacterial contamination of hospital surfaces. These results underscore the urgent need to strengthen cleaning and disinfection protocols to reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infections and the spread of MDROs