Prevalence of ophthalmological diseases in military in kati (Mali)

Abstract

Introduction: The state of health of the military is a constant preoccupation to carry out their sovereign mission. The state of visual health occupies an important place, since they can be victim of visual impairment in operational situation or not. Certain ocular conditions due to their complications may be responsible for a decrease in the military's operational capacity. In general, few studies in the world and in particular in Mali are known about the ocular pathologies of which they are victims in operational situation or not. The purpose of our study was to determine eye conditions among Kati military personnel to ensure that they are adequately cared for and improved in their operational capacity. Method: Our cross-sectional and prospective study took place between January 2016 and September 2017 at the Kati / Mali reference health center. The study population was all servicemen in Kati consulted at the ophthalmic department of the Kati / Mali reference health center between January 2016 and September 2017. Sampling was non-random and exhaustive and the size of the sample was 203 participants. Included were those who had undergone a full ophthalmic consultation and who agreed to start the study. The complete clinical ophthalmic examination and data collection were performed by an ophthalmologist. The data collected were based on interrogation, examination of visual function by measuring far-sightedness on the Monnoyer scale, and visual acuity on the Parinaud scale. intraocular pressure to the applanation tonometer, examination of the appendages and anterior segment of the eye to the slit lamp as well as examination of the posterior segment of the eye by the Volk 90 lens. The materials used are : a refractometer column, the Monnoyer scale, the Parinaud scale, a box of test glasses, an automatic refractometer, a biomicroscope, a Volk 90 lens. The data were collected in a survey card which included pre-tested questionnaires. The data capture and analysis was done by the software SPSS version 21. The analyzed variables were the age sex, the grade, the body of membership, the visual acuity, the intraocular pressure, the attacks of the appendices , involvement of the anterior segment of the eye and involvement of the posterior segment. The test used is the Pearson x2 with a margin of error of 5%. The free and informed consent of all participants was also obtained. Résultats: A total of 203 consenting participants were reviewed during the study. The average age of our patients is 39.5% (extreme 19 to 60 years). The sex ratio was 8 men / 1 woman. Men in the ranks were the most represented, 55% followed by NCOs 41%. The army was more represented, ie 91%. The average visual acuity was 5/10 (extreme of light perception pitch at 10/10). and the average intraocular pressure was 15 millimeters of mercury (extreme 10 to 20 millimeters of mercury). A total of 194 eye injuries have been identified. Ametropia was the main pathology at 21.67%. The main adnexal condition was pterygium, while the anterior segment and posterior segment were mainly cataract and glaucoma, respectively 16.74% and 9.85%. Conclusion: The eye affections are numerous and multiform among the soldiers of Kati. Their identification in this study makes it possible to ensure their prevention, their management and the reduction of their complications. They will thus contribute to the improvement of the operational capacity in the army.