Étiologies des fièvres aigues au service des urgences médicales de l’Hôpital National de Niamey, Niger

Abstract

Introduction. Fever is one of the most common symptoms encountered in a hospital environment. It is a frequent reason for consultation, especially in pediatric settings. Our study aims to determine the etiological profile of acute fevers in Medical Emergencies at the Niamey National Hospital. Methodology. This was a cross-sectional study with prospective collection from April 4 to October 4, 2023, i.e. 6 months. The emergency Department of the National Hospital of Niamey was our study setting. Included in our study were all patients aged 18 and over, admitted to medical emergencies and having a temperature greater than or equal to 38°C for less than five (5) days. The data was processed using Microsoft Office 2019 World and Excel software and the analysis carried out using SPSS 25.0 software. Results. During this period, 4,825 patients were hospitalized, including 204 patients with a temperature above 38°C; i.e. a hospital frequency of 4.2%. The age group of 20 to 29 were the most represented. Sex ratio was 1.29 and the average age of patients was 44.75 ± 12,11 years (18-91years). Contact with domestic animals was found in 15.2% of cases. Vomiting (66.7%) was the most common functional sign accompanying fever. Malaria (65.2%), followed by pneumonia (16.63%) were the most common diagnoses. Hyperleukocytosis, anemia, and elevated C-Reactive protein were reported in 56.4%, 36.7%, and 82.5% of cases, respectively. The majority of patients (64.7%) stayed between 2 and 3 days in the Medical Emergency Department. The mortality rate was 5.4%. Conclusion. This study showed that Malaria remains the most common cause of acute fever in the Emergency Department